Additives are substances intentionally added to tobacco products by
tobacco industry in order to render toxic tobacco products palatable and
acceptable to consumers.
Vanilla is one of the most popular flavours worldwide. It comes from the
fruit of the vanilla plant that contains beans or seeds from where the
vanilla extracts are obtained. Vanillin is the main substance of the
vanilla bean extract responsible for the characteristic sweet smelling
flavour of vanilla.
Although vanillin can be extracted from vanilla plants, this is quite
expensive. Therefore, artificial vanilla flavouring made up of synthetic
vanillin or chemically modified ethylvanillin is produced for
commercial use and has a stronger flavour.
General uses
As a vanilla flavour ingredient, vanillin has a wide range of uses
within the food, drink, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and fragrance
industries.
Reported tobacco industry uses
Tobacco manufacturers use vanillin as a flavouring material in
cigarettes. Vanillin (or other compounds that release vanillin) can be
added to the tobacco, cigarette paper or filter.
Vanillin can make up to 0.05 % of the total weight of the tobacco used
in one cigarette. Lower levels of ethylvanillin are added due to its
stronger flavour.
Harmful health effects
Vanillin is generally regarded as safe for use in food and cosmetics.
However, this does not suggest it is safe when inhaled from smoking
cigarettes.Vanillin is known to release several substances when burnt.
These include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which have been classed
as human cancer causing agents by the International Agency for Research
on Cancer (a leading expert cancer organisation).
Vanillin is also indirectly harmful as it masks the harshness of tobacco
smoke, making smoking easier, which thereby encourages the smoking
habit. This ultimately causes smokers to be exposed to higher levels of
the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.
Vanilla is a popular flavour in many products and tobacco manufacturers
use this fact to make the cigarette more desirable, especially to young
or first time smokers. Non-smokers or bystanders may be more tolerant
towards smokers who smoke cigarettes with a vanilla aroma because of its
less
offensive and familiar smell.
Overall, by adding more desirable flavours such as vanillin to
cigarettes tobacco manufacturers make it easier for smokers to become
addicted.
Vanillin
Posts mit dem Label copd werden angezeigt. Alle Posts anzeigen
Posts mit dem Label copd werden angezeigt. Alle Posts anzeigen
Donnerstag, 31. März 2016
Guar Gum
Additives are substances intentionally added to tobacco products by
tobacco industry in order to render toxic tobacco products palatable and
acceptable to consumers.
Guar gum is an extract of the guar bean plant. It is taken from the seeds of the plant and due to its gelling properties is used commercially (in powdered form).
General uses
Guar gum has many uses particularly in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries where it is used as a thickener,binder, emulsifier and stabilizer. It is added to various foods
such as breakfast cereals, dairy products, gravy, processed vegetables, and baked goods.
Reported tobacco industry uses
The tobacco part of most cigarettes (i.e. the shredded brown interior) is a mixture of the tobacco leaf and a paper-likeproduct called ‘reconstituted tobacco’. Reconstituted tobacco is made up of mashed tobacco stems and other parts of the tobacco leaf that would otherwise be discarded. Tobacco
manufacturers reportedly add guar gum (and its derivatives) to help bind this reconstituted tobacco in cigarettes. Tobacco manufacturers also use guar gum to prepare the cigarette paper that wraps the tobacco.
The amount of guar gum added to bind the tobacco can make up between 0.6-1.8 % of the total weight of the tobacco used in one cigarette.
Harmful health effects
Guargum is generally regarded as safe for use in food and cosmetics. However, this does not suggest it is safe when inhaled from smoking cigarettes. When a cigarette is burnt, the guar gum present produces several toxic compounds that are either well-known to cause cancer in humans (e.g.
formaldehyde, benzo[a]pyrene and benzene) or thought to possibly cause cancer in humans (e.g. acetaldehyde and styrene) as defined by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (a leading expert cancer organisation).
Furthermore, the use of guar gum may be indirectly harmful due to the formation of compounds called aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde), which can make cigarettes more addictive by enhancing the addictive potential of nicotine. Aldehydes are very reactive and produce other compounds such as the
substance harman, which can also make cigarettes more addictive due to its mood-enhancing effect on the brain.
Some of the compounds formed when guar gum is burnt have a distinctive flavour. For example, diacetyl is one of the substances produced and has a butterscotch flavour, which can make a cigarette more appealing due to the improved flavour of the smoke. 2-Furfural is also formed and has an
odour and taste that is described as sweet, woody, bready, and caramel-like. Therefore, these compounds help make a cigarette more attractive by imparting a pleasant flavour to the cigarette smoke. This can ultimately lead to more cigarettes being smoked and thus greater exposure harm due to the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.
Guar Gum
Guar gum is an extract of the guar bean plant. It is taken from the seeds of the plant and due to its gelling properties is used commercially (in powdered form).
General uses
Guar gum has many uses particularly in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries where it is used as a thickener,binder, emulsifier and stabilizer. It is added to various foods
such as breakfast cereals, dairy products, gravy, processed vegetables, and baked goods.
Reported tobacco industry uses
The tobacco part of most cigarettes (i.e. the shredded brown interior) is a mixture of the tobacco leaf and a paper-likeproduct called ‘reconstituted tobacco’. Reconstituted tobacco is made up of mashed tobacco stems and other parts of the tobacco leaf that would otherwise be discarded. Tobacco
manufacturers reportedly add guar gum (and its derivatives) to help bind this reconstituted tobacco in cigarettes. Tobacco manufacturers also use guar gum to prepare the cigarette paper that wraps the tobacco.
The amount of guar gum added to bind the tobacco can make up between 0.6-1.8 % of the total weight of the tobacco used in one cigarette.
Harmful health effects
Guargum is generally regarded as safe for use in food and cosmetics. However, this does not suggest it is safe when inhaled from smoking cigarettes. When a cigarette is burnt, the guar gum present produces several toxic compounds that are either well-known to cause cancer in humans (e.g.
formaldehyde, benzo[a]pyrene and benzene) or thought to possibly cause cancer in humans (e.g. acetaldehyde and styrene) as defined by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (a leading expert cancer organisation).
Furthermore, the use of guar gum may be indirectly harmful due to the formation of compounds called aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde), which can make cigarettes more addictive by enhancing the addictive potential of nicotine. Aldehydes are very reactive and produce other compounds such as the
substance harman, which can also make cigarettes more addictive due to its mood-enhancing effect on the brain.
Some of the compounds formed when guar gum is burnt have a distinctive flavour. For example, diacetyl is one of the substances produced and has a butterscotch flavour, which can make a cigarette more appealing due to the improved flavour of the smoke. 2-Furfural is also formed and has an
odour and taste that is described as sweet, woody, bready, and caramel-like. Therefore, these compounds help make a cigarette more attractive by imparting a pleasant flavour to the cigarette smoke. This can ultimately lead to more cigarettes being smoked and thus greater exposure harm due to the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.
Guar Gum
Cellulose Fibre
Additives are substances intentionally added to tobacco products by
tobacco industry in order to render toxic tobacco products palatable and
acceptable to consumers.
Cellulose fibre is the basic structural material of most plants,
and can be obtained from various natural plant-based sources such as wood pulp, cotton, flax and hemp.
General use
Cellulose fibres are used to make many different products
that include paper, textiles, and cardboard. The cellulose that makes up these fibres (or a modified version) is also used in the food industry as anti-caking agents, emulsifiers,
formulation aids, stabilizers, thickeners and texturizers, and also in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries where it performs similar roles.
Reported tobacco industry uses
The tobacco part of most cigarettes (i.e. the shredded brown interior) is a mixture of the tobacco leaf and a paper-like product called ‘reconstituted tobacco’. Reconstituted tobacco is made up of mashed tobacco stems and other parts of the tobacco leaf that would otherwise be discarded. Tobacco
manufacturers add cellulose fibre to help bind and fill this reconstituted tobacco in cigarettes.
Tobacco manufacturers also use cellulose to prepare both the cigarette paper that wraps the tobacco, and the filter (both the inner and outer layers). The cigarette paper is a very important
part of a cigarette. It controls how the tobacco burns, and theamount of smoke. Generally, the more cellulose used the greater the amount of smoke that is produced.
Cellulose fibres are naturally present in tobacco (at levels ranging from about 5 % to 12 %). The maximum amount of cellulose fibres that is further added is about 6 % of the total
weight of the tobacco used in one cigarette.
Harmful health effects
Cellulose Fibre is generally regarded as safe for use in food and cosmetics. However, this does not suggest it is safe when inhaled from smoking cigarettes. The entire cellulose
fibre added to the cigarette is burnt while smoking. Many harmful compounds are formed that can either irritate the eyes and upper parts of the airways (e.g. acrolein), or cause cancer, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene, benzene, furan, and formaldehyde. These
compounds have been classified as human cancer-causing agents by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,(a leading expert cancer organisation).
The use of cellulose fibres may be indirectly harmful due to the formation of compounds called aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde), which can make cigarettes more addictive by enhancing the addictive potential of nicotine. Aldehydes are very reactive and produce other compounds such as
the substance harman, which can also make cigarettes more addictive due to its mood-enhancing effect on the brain.
This can ultimately lead to more cigarettes being smoked and thus greater exposure to the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.
In some products, flavours such as vanilla are added to cellulose during the paper-making process. This ensures that the smell of the smoke coming from the lit end of the cigarette (i.e. sidestream smoke) has a more pleasant aroma. This is a concern because not only could it allay any
potential worries smokers may have about their habit but it could also increase non-smokers tolerance to sidestream smoke, and thereby increase their exposure to secondhand smoke.
Cellulose Fibre
Cellulose fibre is the basic structural material of most plants,
and can be obtained from various natural plant-based sources such as wood pulp, cotton, flax and hemp.
General use
Cellulose fibres are used to make many different products
that include paper, textiles, and cardboard. The cellulose that makes up these fibres (or a modified version) is also used in the food industry as anti-caking agents, emulsifiers,
formulation aids, stabilizers, thickeners and texturizers, and also in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries where it performs similar roles.
Reported tobacco industry uses
The tobacco part of most cigarettes (i.e. the shredded brown interior) is a mixture of the tobacco leaf and a paper-like product called ‘reconstituted tobacco’. Reconstituted tobacco is made up of mashed tobacco stems and other parts of the tobacco leaf that would otherwise be discarded. Tobacco
manufacturers add cellulose fibre to help bind and fill this reconstituted tobacco in cigarettes.
Tobacco manufacturers also use cellulose to prepare both the cigarette paper that wraps the tobacco, and the filter (both the inner and outer layers). The cigarette paper is a very important
part of a cigarette. It controls how the tobacco burns, and theamount of smoke. Generally, the more cellulose used the greater the amount of smoke that is produced.
Cellulose fibres are naturally present in tobacco (at levels ranging from about 5 % to 12 %). The maximum amount of cellulose fibres that is further added is about 6 % of the total
weight of the tobacco used in one cigarette.
Harmful health effects
Cellulose Fibre is generally regarded as safe for use in food and cosmetics. However, this does not suggest it is safe when inhaled from smoking cigarettes. The entire cellulose
fibre added to the cigarette is burnt while smoking. Many harmful compounds are formed that can either irritate the eyes and upper parts of the airways (e.g. acrolein), or cause cancer, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene, benzene, furan, and formaldehyde. These
compounds have been classified as human cancer-causing agents by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,(a leading expert cancer organisation).
The use of cellulose fibres may be indirectly harmful due to the formation of compounds called aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde), which can make cigarettes more addictive by enhancing the addictive potential of nicotine. Aldehydes are very reactive and produce other compounds such as
the substance harman, which can also make cigarettes more addictive due to its mood-enhancing effect on the brain.
This can ultimately lead to more cigarettes being smoked and thus greater exposure to the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.
In some products, flavours such as vanilla are added to cellulose during the paper-making process. This ensures that the smell of the smoke coming from the lit end of the cigarette (i.e. sidestream smoke) has a more pleasant aroma. This is a concern because not only could it allay any
potential worries smokers may have about their habit but it could also increase non-smokers tolerance to sidestream smoke, and thereby increase their exposure to secondhand smoke.
Cellulose Fibre
Carob Bean Extract and Gum
Carob Bean Extract and Gum
products by tobacco industry in order to render toxic tobacco
products palatable and acceptable to consumers.
Carob, which is also referred to as the carob pod or carob
bean, is the fruit of the evergreen carob tree. Each carob pod
contains seeds that sit in the pod’s pulp. The pulp is rich in
sugars and therefore is naturally sweet and tastes and looks
like chocolate. It can be ground into fine powder or used in
the form of an extract. The seeds also provide a source of
gum.
General uses
Carob bean extract and gum have many uses, especially in the
food and flavouring industry where it is used as a chocolate
or cocoa substitute, or as a thickener and food stabiliser. It is
also used in non-food industries such as the textile, cosmetic,
and pharmaceutical industry.
Reported tobacco industry uses
Carob bean extract and gum are used as a flavouring material
in commercial cigarettes. It imparts a sweet and nutty
taste that enriches the smoke flavour. The extract and gum
is applied to either the filter or the tobacco and makes up to
0.2 % of the total weight of the tobacco used in one cigarette.
Harmful health effects
Carob bean is generally regarded as safe for use in food
and cosmetics. However, this does not suggest it is safe
when inhaled from smoking cigarettes. Almost the entire
carob bean extract and gum that is added to the cigarette
is burnt while smoking. This results in the formation of
several harmful compounds, such as benzene. The sugars
that are present in the extract can produce compounds such
as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and formaldehyde.
These breakdown products of sugars have been classified as
human cancer-causing agents by the International Agency for
Research on Cancer (a leading expert cancer organisation).
The sugars also produce acidic compounds, which make it
harder for the nicotine in the cigarette smoke to reach the
brain. This forces smokers to inhale deeper, and consume
more cigarettes to get their nicotine fix. Furthermore, the use
of carob bean extract and gum may be indirectly harmful
due to the formation of compounds called aldehydes (e.g.
acetaldehyde), which can make cigarettes more addictive
by enhancing the addictive potential of nicotine. Aldehydes
are very reactive and produce other compounds such as the
substance harman, which can also make cigarettes more
addictive due to its mood-enhancing effect on the brain.
The addition of carob bean extract and gum to cigarettes
help mask the naturally harsh and irritating nature of tobacco
smoke by making it more pleasant and milder. In doing so,
this essentially silences the body’s natural cough response,
which would warn that the smoke is dangerous. The flavour
and attractiveness of smoking is also enhanced by the
caramel flavours that are produced when the sugars are
burnt.
Overall, by adding more desirable flavours such as carob
bean extract and gum to cigarettes, tobacco manufacturers
make it easier for smokers to become addicted. This can
ultimately lead to more cigarettes being smoked and thus
greater exposure to the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.
Carbob Bean Extract
Additives in tobacco products
Additives are substances intentionally added to tobacco products by
tobacco industry in order to render toxic tobacco products palatable and
acceptable to consumers.
The tobacco industry is made up of many companies that make and sell different types of tobacco products. Whether it is smoked, chewed, sniffed or inhaled second-hand, the use
of these tobacco products can and does cause debilitating and life-threatening diseases, as well as premature death.
The cigarette is the single most commonly used tobacco product
in the European Union (EU). Most people are aware that smoking cigarettes is harmful, as thousands of compounds are produced and released in the smoke, some of which
(hundreds) are toxic.
But what people may not be aware of is that most tobacco manufacturers add ingredients other
than tobacco to cigarettes that affect the chemical make-up of the smoke.
These ingredients are known as tobacco additives
and are reportedly used, for example, to:
■■give a cigarette a particular flavour;
■■control the way the cigarette burns;
■■keep the tobacco moist thus preventing it from drying out
To some people, the reasons for adding these substances to a consumer product may appear perfectly reasonable. They may argue that this is not necessarily a bad thing as it makes
for a better consumer experience. However, helping people to better tolerate and enjoy a product like cigarettes, which is well known to be toxic and carcinogenic, is an entirely different
issue and a matter of great concern.
Additives in tobacco products PDF
The tobacco industry is made up of many companies that make and sell different types of tobacco products. Whether it is smoked, chewed, sniffed or inhaled second-hand, the use
of these tobacco products can and does cause debilitating and life-threatening diseases, as well as premature death.
The cigarette is the single most commonly used tobacco product
in the European Union (EU). Most people are aware that smoking cigarettes is harmful, as thousands of compounds are produced and released in the smoke, some of which
(hundreds) are toxic.
But what people may not be aware of is that most tobacco manufacturers add ingredients other
than tobacco to cigarettes that affect the chemical make-up of the smoke.
These ingredients are known as tobacco additives
and are reportedly used, for example, to:
■■give a cigarette a particular flavour;
■■control the way the cigarette burns;
■■keep the tobacco moist thus preventing it from drying out
To some people, the reasons for adding these substances to a consumer product may appear perfectly reasonable. They may argue that this is not necessarily a bad thing as it makes
for a better consumer experience. However, helping people to better tolerate and enjoy a product like cigarettes, which is well known to be toxic and carcinogenic, is an entirely different
issue and a matter of great concern.
Additives in tobacco products PDF
Elektrische Zigaretten
Seit dem Jahr
2011 erfährt die elektrische Zigarette (E-Zigarette) in Deutschland eine
zunehmende Aufmerksamkeit und Verbreitung. Die meisten E-Zigaretten
sind Tabakzigaretten äußerlich ähnlich. Sie bestehen aus einem
Mundstück, einem Akku, einem elektrischen Vernebler und einer
Wechsel-Kartusche, in der sich eine Flüssigkeit („Liquid“) befindet. Das
Liquid wird beim Ziehen am Mundstück vernebelt und inhaliert. Bei
vielen Modellen leuchtet dabei eine Diode (LED) am vorderen Ende auf,
die das Glimmen einer Tabakzigarette imitiert. Der Konsum von
E-Zigaretten wird als „Dampfen“ bezeichnet.
Die Liquids der E-Zigaretten enthalten als Hauptbestandteile Propylenglykol, Wasser, Glyzerin, Ethanol, Nikotin und häufig verschiedene Aromastoffe. Liquids ohne Nikotin sind ebenfalls erhältlich, werden aber selten verwendet. Einige im Labor untersuchte Liquids enthielten geringe Mengen an giftigen Substanzen wie tabakspezifische Nitrosamine und Diethylenglykol (DEG)[1], in Ausnahmefällen wurden sogar verschreibungspflichtige Medikamente gefunden (Wirkstoffe zur Behandlung von Übergewicht / Impotenz). E-Zigaretten enthalten keinen Tabak.
Die langfristigen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen beim Konsum der E-Zigarette sind noch unbekannt. Kurzfristige schädliche Effekte auf die Atmungsorgane wurden bereits nach wenigen Zügen an der E-Zigarette nachgewiesen[2]:
Die Liquids der E-Zigaretten enthalten als Hauptbestandteile Propylenglykol, Wasser, Glyzerin, Ethanol, Nikotin und häufig verschiedene Aromastoffe. Liquids ohne Nikotin sind ebenfalls erhältlich, werden aber selten verwendet. Einige im Labor untersuchte Liquids enthielten geringe Mengen an giftigen Substanzen wie tabakspezifische Nitrosamine und Diethylenglykol (DEG)[1], in Ausnahmefällen wurden sogar verschreibungspflichtige Medikamente gefunden (Wirkstoffe zur Behandlung von Übergewicht / Impotenz). E-Zigaretten enthalten keinen Tabak.
Die langfristigen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen beim Konsum der E-Zigarette sind noch unbekannt. Kurzfristige schädliche Effekte auf die Atmungsorgane wurden bereits nach wenigen Zügen an der E-Zigarette nachgewiesen[2]:
- ausgeprägte Atemwegseinengungen
- Absinken des Stickoxids in der ausgeatmeten Luft, dies weist auf Entzündungsvorgänge in den Bronchien hin
- Reizungen in Rachen und Mundraum
- trockener Husten
Die
Langzeitwirkung von inhaliertem Propylenglykol ist noch unbekannt. Da
es bereits kurzfristig Atemwegsreizungen auslöst, ist davon auszugehen,
dass der dauerhafte Konsum ebenfalls Schädigungen der Atemwege
verursachen kann. Unklar ist bislang auch, ob Propylenglykol schädliche
Auswirkungen auf die Fortpflanzung hat. Das in den meisten Liquids
enthaltene Nikotin ist ein Suchtstoff, der sehr schnell abhängig machend
und bei langfristigem Gebrauch zu Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen
führen kann. Eine weitere Gefahr geht vom hohen Nikotingehalt in den
Nachfüllflaschen aus. Dieser liegt ein Vielfaches über der tödlichen
Dosis beim Verschlucken für Kinder und Erwachsene.
Zurzeit unterliegen E-Zigaretten und Liquids keiner einheitlichen Regulierung oder Qualitätskontrolle. Daher kann nicht sichergestellt werden, dass tatsächlich nur die angegebenen und keine weiteren, schädlichen Inhaltsstoffe enthalten sind. Auch die Produktion der übrigen Bauteile der E-Zigarette wird nicht unabhängig kontrolliert, so dass z.B. keine gleichbleibende Freisetzung der Inhaltstoffe – insbesondere des Nikotins – gewährleistet ist. Fehlende Qualitätskontrollen könnten auch für die in deutschen und US-amerikanischen Medien berichteten Vergiftungserscheinungen und Verletzungen durch explodierende Batterien mit verantwortlich sein.
Zurzeit unterliegen E-Zigaretten und Liquids keiner einheitlichen Regulierung oder Qualitätskontrolle. Daher kann nicht sichergestellt werden, dass tatsächlich nur die angegebenen und keine weiteren, schädlichen Inhaltsstoffe enthalten sind. Auch die Produktion der übrigen Bauteile der E-Zigarette wird nicht unabhängig kontrolliert, so dass z.B. keine gleichbleibende Freisetzung der Inhaltstoffe – insbesondere des Nikotins – gewährleistet ist. Fehlende Qualitätskontrollen könnten auch für die in deutschen und US-amerikanischen Medien berichteten Vergiftungserscheinungen und Verletzungen durch explodierende Batterien mit verantwortlich sein.
Die Sicherheit und gesundheitliche Unbedenklichkeit der E-Zigarette ist nicht erwiesen. Daher kann der Gebrauch nicht empfohlen werden. Gesund ist nur der Verzicht auf jegliche Form der Zigarette.
E-Zigaretten
können durch süße Aromastoffe eine hohe Attraktivität auf Kinder und
Jugendliche ausüben und somit ein Eintrittstor für das Tabakrauchen und
eine Nikotienabhängigkeit darstellen. Auch die Verwendung in Verbindung mit Drogenmissbrauch stellt eine mögliche Gefahr dar.
Zudem ist unklar, in welcher Zusammensetzung der von E-Zigaretten erzeugte Dampf von den Nutzern ausgeatmet wird und die Innenraumluft belastet. Gesundheitsrisiken beim passiven Einatmen können nicht ausgeschlossen werden.
Zudem ist unklar, in welcher Zusammensetzung der von E-Zigaretten erzeugte Dampf von den Nutzern ausgeatmet wird und die Innenraumluft belastet. Gesundheitsrisiken beim passiven Einatmen können nicht ausgeschlossen werden.
Eignet sich die E-Zigarette zum Rauchstopp?
Mehr als drei Viertel aller Nutzer geben an, dass
sie E-Zigaretten nutzen, um mit dem Rauchen aufzuhören. Die E-Zigarette
kann Entzugserscheinungen wie das Rauchverlangen reduzieren. Ein
dauerhafter Verzicht auf jeglichen Nikotin-Konsum scheint jedoch den
meisten Dampfern nicht zu gelingen.
Durch die Einnahme von Nikotin wird die körperliche Abhängigkeit aufrecht erhalten. Außerdem werden vom Rauchen gewohnte Rituale und Gewohnheiten übernommen. Erfolgreiche Tabakentwöhnung erfordert jedoch eine Verhaltensänderung und Überwindung der psychische Abhängigkeit. Bei der Nutzung der E-Zigarette bleibt abhängiges Verhalten bestehen, lediglich die Form der Nikotin-Zufuhr wird umgestellt.
Durch die Einnahme von Nikotin wird die körperliche Abhängigkeit aufrecht erhalten. Außerdem werden vom Rauchen gewohnte Rituale und Gewohnheiten übernommen. Erfolgreiche Tabakentwöhnung erfordert jedoch eine Verhaltensänderung und Überwindung der psychische Abhängigkeit. Bei der Nutzung der E-Zigarette bleibt abhängiges Verhalten bestehen, lediglich die Form der Nikotin-Zufuhr wird umgestellt.
E-Zigaretten werden eher als Ersatzprodukt zur Tabakzigarette und nicht als Ausstiegshilfe verwendet. Sie eignen sich daher nicht zum Rauchstopp.
Sichere und wirksame Unterstützung beim Raucherstopp finden Sie in den
Angeboten der BZgA, zum Beispiel dem kostenfreien rauchfrei
Ausstiegsprogramm .
quellen:
[1]U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2009). Evaluation of e-cigarettes. www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ScienceResearch/UCM173250.pdf
[2]Vardavas,
C., et al. (2011). Acute pulmonary effects of using an e-cigarette:
impact on respiratory flow resistance, impedance and exhaled nitric
oxide. Chest, doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2443
Downloads und auch sehr interessant
Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin, 2012
Downloads und auch sehr interessant
Downloads
Elektrische Zigaretten
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, 2010
BfR rät zur Vorsicht im Umgang mit elektronischen Zigaretten
Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin, 2008
Liquids von E-Zigaretten können die Gesundheit beeinträchtigenDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, 2010
BfR rät zur Vorsicht im Umgang mit elektronischen Zigaretten
Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin, 2008
Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin, 2012
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