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Donnerstag, 31. März 2016

Vanillin

Additives are substances intentionally added to tobacco products by tobacco industry in order to render toxic tobacco products palatable and acceptable to consumers.

Vanilla is one of the most popular flavours worldwide. It comes from the fruit of the vanilla plant that contains beans or seeds from where the vanilla extracts are obtained. Vanillin is the main substance of the vanilla bean extract responsible for the characteristic sweet smelling flavour of vanilla.

Although vanillin can be extracted from vanilla plants, this is quite expensive. Therefore, artificial vanilla flavouring made up of synthetic vanillin or chemically modified ethylvanillin is produced for commercial use and has a stronger flavour.

General uses

As a vanilla flavour ingredient, vanillin has a wide range of uses within the food, drink, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and fragrance industries.

Reported tobacco industry uses

Tobacco manufacturers use vanillin as a flavouring material in cigarettes. Vanillin (or other compounds that release vanillin) can be added to the tobacco, cigarette paper or filter.
Vanillin can make up to 0.05 % of the total weight of the tobacco used in one cigarette. Lower levels of ethylvanillin are added due to its stronger flavour.

Harmful health effects

Vanillin is generally regarded as safe for use in food and cosmetics. However, this does not suggest it is safe when inhaled from smoking cigarettes.Vanillin is known to release several substances when burnt. These include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which have been classed as human cancer causing agents by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (a leading expert cancer organisation).

Vanillin is also indirectly harmful as it masks the harshness of tobacco smoke, making smoking easier, which thereby encourages the smoking habit. This ultimately causes smokers to be exposed to higher levels of the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.

Vanilla is a popular flavour in many products and tobacco manufacturers use this fact to make the cigarette more desirable, especially to young or first time smokers. Non-smokers or bystanders may be more tolerant towards smokers who smoke cigarettes with a vanilla aroma because of its less
offensive and familiar smell.

Overall, by adding more desirable flavours such as vanillin to cigarettes tobacco manufacturers make it easier for smokers to become addicted.

Vanillin

Prune Juice Concentrate

Additives are substances intentionally added to tobacco products by tobacco industry in order to render toxic tobacco products palatable and acceptable to consumers.
Prunes are ripe plums that are dried. Concentrated prune juice is extracted from softened prunes. As a fruit extract, prune juice concentrate is very rich in sugars and is therefore naturally sweet.

General uses


Prune juice concentrate has many uses in the food industry, e.g. as a sweetener, colour and flavour enhancer, a binding agent in cereal bars, and also as a ‘humectant’ to help keep cakes and cookies moist.

Reported tobacco industry uses

Prune juice concentrate (along with other extracts from either the plum or prune) is reportedly used by tobacco manufacturers to add flavour to the tobacco at different stages of manufacturing. Prune juice concentrate can make up to about 0.5 % of the total weight of the tobacco used in one cigarette.

Harmful health effects

Prune juice concentrate, a fruit extract, is safe for use in food products. However, this does not suggest it is safe when inhaled from smoking cigarettes. Studies have yet to identify
the compounds produced from burning prune juice concentrate. However, the high sugar content of the concentrate suggests it is likely to behave in a similar way to sugar additives. This could lead to the formation of chemicals that are well known to cause cancer in humans such as polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, and those thought to possibly cause cancer such as acetaldehyde. These compounds have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (a leading expert cancer organisation). Other toxic compounds that irritate the airways are also formed (e.g.
acrolein or 2-furfural).

The sugars also produce acidic compounds, which make it harder for the nicotine in the cigarette smoke to reach the brain. This forces smokers to inhale deeper and to also consume more cigarettes to get their nicotine fix. Furthermore, the use of prune juice concentrate may be indirectly harmful due to the formation of compounds called aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde), which can make cigarettes more addictive by enhancing the addictive potential of nicotine. Aldehydes are very reactive and produce compounds such as the substance harman, which can also enhance addictiveness due to
its mood-enhancing effect on the brain.

Prune juice concentrate is used to smoothen and mildly sweeten the smoke. It imparts a sweet taste making the smoke more palatable. The high sugar content of the concentrate provides caramel flavours when burnt that enhance the flavour and attractiveness of smoking. By adding prune juice
concentrate to improve the taste of the tobacco, the bitter taste of the smoke is sufficiently masked. Also, the sweet caramel flavours appeals to young people, which can make it easier for them to start smoking.

Prune juice concentrate may also be indirectly harmful by making smoking more pleasurable. This encourages the smoking habit, which could ultimately cause smokers to be exposed to higher levels of the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.

Overall, by adding more desirable flavours such as prune juice concentrate to cigarettes, tobacco manufacturers make it easier for smokers to become addicted.

Prune Juice Concentrate

Menthol

Additives are substances intentionally added to tobacco products by tobacco industry in order to render toxic tobacco products palatable and acceptable to consumers. Menthol is a natural compound found in several plants of the mint family e.g. the peppermint, cornmint, and spearmint herbs. When consumed it imparts a minty taste and smell, and has a characteristic cooling effect.

General uses

Menthol is also produced synthetically for commercial use, and is widely used in the food, flavour, oral hygiene, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The tobacco industry is one of the main users of menthol.

Reported tobacco industry uses

Menthol is one of the most commonly used additives in the tobacco industry. It has been used in tobacco products since the 1920s to suppress the harshness of smoke and as a smoothing alternative for smokers suffering from colds. Menthol is the only type of tobacco additive that is sold as a particular type of cigarette i.e. ‘Menthol cigarettes’. Menthol is added to cigarettes to provide a distinctive (brand-specific) mint flavour to the inhaled smoke. The menthol is added to several parts
of the cigarette: either directly to the tobacco, the inner foil of the cigarette packet, the filter paper, or more recently as a crushable capsule inside the filter for a stronger effect. The amount of menthol added to the cigarette depends on whether it is being produced as a “menthol” cigarette.
Mentholated cigarettes contain menthol at levels that are up to 0.45 % of the total weight of the tobacco used in one cigarette (although levels up to 2 % are also reported). Non-mentholated
cigarettes can contain menthol at much lower levels that make up between 0.01 to 0.03 % of the total weight of tobacco.

Harmful health effects

Menthol is generally regarded as safe for use in food and cosmetics. However, this does not suggest it is safe when inhaled from smoking cigarettes. Although studies show that when a mentholated cigarette is burnt, almost all of the menthol is released into the smoke unchanged, a small
amount (0.5 %) does burn and can form compounds such as benzo[a]pyrene and benzene. These chemicals have been classed as human cancer-causing agents by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (a leading expert cancer organisation).

Menthol numbs the throat and increases the smoothness of the smoke, which masks the harsh effects of cigarette smoke and thereby makes it easier to smoke. Menthol cigarette smokers also tend to inhale more deeply for the cooling effect. These effects (together with the minty taste) particularly
appeals to young people as studies have shown that menthol cigarettes are commonly used in adolescents and is often their first cigarette brand of choice.

Tobacco manufacturers recognise that the cooling effect of menthol makes for a pleasurable smoking experience and, therefore, also add menthol to the tobacco used in nonmenthol
(i.e. regular) cigarettes. This provides a smoother and less harsh smoke without the mint taste. Other tobacco additives used for this purpose include peppermint, spearmint, thyme and eucalyptus oils, and the chemical methyl salicylate. Consequently, by adding menthol, tobacco manufacturers
increase the attractiveness and appeal of cigarettes.

The sensory experience from smoking menthol cigarettes can make it difficult to stop as the pleasurable taste, odour, and cooling effects may reinforce the smoking habit. Indeed,
menthol’s numbing effects on the lungs may allow many smokers to inhale more deeply to get their nicotine fix. Menthol’s use in medicinal products can also give smokers a false sense of safety. Studies have shown that menthol cigarette smokers often have the wrong impression that
the compound offers them some sort of health protection compared to non-menthol cigarettes. This can encourage continued consumption and helps sustain the smoking habit and thus greater exposure to the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.


Menthol an Additive

Liquorice Extract

Additives are substances intentionally added to tobacco products by tobacco industry in order to render toxic tobacco products palatable and acceptable to consumers. Liquorice (or licorice) is the root of the liquorice plant from which the characteristically sweet liquorice flavour
is extracted. The extract contains the very sweet substance glycyrhizzin, as well as sugars.

General uses

The root or the extract is used as a source of liquorice flavour. The liquor from the extract is often processed into a powder or a more concentrated solid block. The liquorice root/extract is widely used in the food industry as a sweetening agent, or flavouring ingredient in drinks, candy and gum. Due to its medicinal properties it is also used in both traditional and herbal medicines e.g. in the
pharmaceutical industry liquorice is used in over-thecounter drugs and cough syrups.

Reported tobacco industry uses

Tobacco manufacturers reportedly use liquorice at different stages of manufacturing to add flavour to the tobacco and to sweeten the smoke. Liquorice gives a mellow, sweet and woody note to the smoke.
The amount of liquorice added to the cigarette can make up to 4 % of the total weight of the tobacco used in one cigarette. Liquorice is also used as a flavour for other tobacco products such as cigars, and chewing tobacco.

Harmful health effects

Liquorice is generally regarded as safe for use in food and cosmetics. However, this does not suggest it is safe when inhaled from smoking cigarettes. When liquorice extracts are burnt they produce several toxic compounds including some that are well known to cause cancer in humans (e.g.
benzene), or those that could possibly cause cancer (e.g. acetaldehyde). Other toxic substances produced include the chemicals toluene and phenol that could cause other damaging
health effects.

The sugars in the extract can also produce acidic compounds, which make it harder for the nicotine in the cigarette smoketo reach the brain. This forces smokers to inhale deeper and to also consume more cigarettes to get their nicotine fix. Furthermore, the use of liquorice may be indirectly harmful
due to the formation of compounds called aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde), which can make cigarettes more addictive by enhancing the addictive potential of nicotine. Aldehydes are very reactive and produce other compounds such as the substance harman, which can also make cigarettes more
addictive due to its mood-enhancing effect on the brain.

The addition of liquorice extract makes the smoking experience more pleasurable in several ways, i.e. it helps the tobacco to stay moist, balances the overall flavour of the cigarette, and reduces dryness in the mouth and throat. Furthermore, the caramel flavours produced when the sugars in the liquorice extract are burnt help enhance the flavour and attractiveness of smoking. Also, the glycyrhizzin
that is present could potentially to open up the airways, and in combination with other ingredients could allow smokers to inhale deeper, making it easier for them to get their nicotine fix.

Therefore, by adding more desirable flavours such as liquorice to cigarettes, tobacco manufacturers succeed in making smoking more pleasurable. This not only encourages the smoking habit, but also makes it easier for smokers to become addicted, which ultimately causes them to be exposed to higher levels of the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.

Liquorice Extract

Cellulose Fibre

Additives are substances intentionally added to tobacco products by tobacco industry in order to render toxic tobacco products palatable and acceptable to consumers.
Cellulose fibre is the basic structural material of most plants,
and can be obtained from various natural plant-based sources such as wood pulp, cotton, flax and hemp.

General use

Cellulose fibres are used to make many different products
that include paper, textiles, and cardboard. The cellulose that makes up these fibres (or a modified version) is also used in the food industry as anti-caking agents, emulsifiers,
formulation aids, stabilizers, thickeners and texturizers, and also in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries where it performs similar roles.

Reported tobacco industry uses

The tobacco part of most cigarettes (i.e. the shredded brown interior) is a mixture of the tobacco leaf and a paper-like product called ‘reconstituted tobacco’. Reconstituted tobacco is made up of mashed tobacco stems and other parts of the tobacco leaf that would otherwise be discarded. Tobacco
manufacturers add cellulose fibre to help bind and fill this reconstituted tobacco in cigarettes.

Tobacco manufacturers also use cellulose to prepare both the cigarette paper that wraps the tobacco, and the filter (both the inner and outer layers). The cigarette paper is a very important
part of a cigarette. It controls how the tobacco burns, and theamount of smoke. Generally, the more cellulose used the greater the amount of smoke that is produced.

Cellulose fibres are naturally present in tobacco (at levels ranging from about 5 % to 12 %). The maximum amount of cellulose fibres that is further added is about 6 % of the total
weight of the tobacco used in one cigarette.

Harmful health effects

Cellulose Fibre is generally regarded as safe for use in food and cosmetics. However, this does not suggest it is safe when inhaled from smoking cigarettes. The entire cellulose
fibre added to the cigarette is burnt while smoking. Many harmful compounds are formed that can either irritate the eyes and upper parts of the airways (e.g. acrolein), or cause cancer, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene, benzene, furan, and formaldehyde. These
compounds have been classified as human cancer-causing agents by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,(a leading expert cancer organisation).

The use of cellulose fibres may be indirectly harmful due to the formation of compounds called aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde), which can make cigarettes more addictive by enhancing the addictive potential of nicotine. Aldehydes are very reactive and produce other compounds such as
the substance harman, which can also make cigarettes more addictive due to its mood-enhancing effect on the brain.

This can ultimately lead to more cigarettes being smoked and thus greater exposure to the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.

In some products, flavours such as vanilla are added to cellulose during the paper-making process. This ensures that the smell of the smoke coming from the lit end of the cigarette (i.e. sidestream smoke) has a more pleasant aroma. This is a concern because not only could it allay any
potential worries smokers may have about their habit but it could also increase non-smokers tolerance to sidestream smoke, and thereby increase their exposure to secondhand smoke.

Cellulose Fibre

15.10.2012

hallo

obwohl ich letzte Nacht ich glaube das erstemal in meinem Leben ein "Rauchtraum" gehabt hab

ja ich hatte solche auch genau 2 mal , das erste mal wars mit vollem genuss ( im traum ) das zweitemal war da ne stimme die gesagt hast hey du rauchst nicht mehr machs aus
War ganz schön komisch davon zu träumen

Mir hat mal ne englishlehererin gesagt wenn man in einer anderen sprache anfängt zu träumen dann kann man sie ...nah vielleicht trifft das auch aufs nichtrauchen zu .ich hab ja im traum schon die zigarette ausgemacht lach .......jetzt wenn ich träume kommt sie nicht mehr drin vor
Die Zigarette diktiert mir nicht mehr mein Leben

stell dir vor nicht nur bei regen raus zu müssen , mitten in der nacht weil film zu ende und keine zigaretten im haus , geld fehlt vielleicht .....
.also nix wie hin zum automaten , dann an die tanke und weils so schön ist hats auch noch minus grade ....
.( gebs zu hab ich auch gemacht ) aber das ist doch voll  sch***e .......oder .?
Nun können wir sitzen bleiben und wenn wir unbedingt noch ne nachtwanderung machen wollen
nah dann freut sich der hund oder der partner / die partnerin für nen spaziergang bei mond schein ..ist viel romantischer als wie hetzjagd nach den ollen stinkern